The first question I ask a client who want a tree pruned is, “what do you want to accomplish by pruning (is it too large, is it misshapen, does it have dead limbs..?)” Most often, the answer is, “they just need pruning”. Usually, the best option for a tree that has outgrown it’s space is to remove it and replace it with a smaller-maturing tree. This is why proper planning is so important. Topping is unattractive and compromises the health of the tree. However, trees can be pruned, by selective removal of branches, to preserve health and appearance and to prevent damage to property and humans.

Building scaffold branches and a strong central leader should already have been done before a tree is purchased so will not be addressed here. The first step should be to remove any dead, dying and diseased branches. Also remove any branches competing with the central leader . Fiddlers (rubbing branches) should be removed, as should any inward-growing branches. Remove any low-hanging branches that interfere with vehicular or pedestrian clearance. Occasionally, a tree may need to be thinned to allow more air circulation and reduce wind resistance.

All cuts should be made just out from the branch bark collar. Cutting flush with the trunk creates a larger wound that will not callus over. This often leads to rot that the tree cannot wall off, creating cavities that become hazards later. Conversely, leaving a stub creates an area for harboring pests, is aesthetically unappealing, and, again can lead to rot and cavities in the future.

For limbs too large for loppers, make three cuts. The first cut should be made from the underside, only 1/2 through the branch and about one foot out from the branch crotch. Make a second cut from the top just outside the first cut. After the limb is removed make a final cut just out from the branch bark collar.

Pruning large trees can be dangerous and costly. Always use a Certified Arborist when pruning large trees.

Here’s a helpful link from the horticulture department at NCSU:

http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/consumer/factsheets/trees-new/text/pruning.html